In a digital age fraught with cyber threats, ethical hackers are the frontline defenders. If you've ever wondered how to kickstart a career in hacking, you're in the right place.

This guide breaks down the essential steps for aspiring ethical hackers, from basic skills to landing that first cybersecurity gig.

A recent search for “ethical hacking” jobs on LinkedIn reveals several thousand jobs at a range of well-known organizations, including Booz Allen Hamilton, Fidelity Investments, Microsoft, TikTok, Tesla, the Federal Reserve Bank and the U.S. Department of Defense.

Introduction >

In this guide, we'll navigate the roadmap to a hacking career. Whether you're a tech enthusiast or an IT professional looking to switch gears, we'll cover the basics, certifications, and practical tips to get you started on this exciting journey.

Types of Hackers (White Hat, Black Hat, Gray Hat) >

Despite the “hat” symbolism, hackers are not identifiable by their choice of headgear. Starting with the white hats and black hats, here is a breakdown of the different types of hackers:

What is a White-Hat Hacker?

The white-hat hacker is a cybersecurity professional hired to find vulnerabilities in software, hardware and networks that may be susceptible to attack, report on those vulnerabilities and often play a role in securing such weak spots. According to TechTarget.com, they will disclose vulnerabilities to the vendor whose hardware or software is affected, so it may patch other customers’ systems. White-hat hackers use many of the same methods, tools and techniques as their black-hat counterparts.

What is a Black-Hat Hacker?

The black-hat hackers are the outlaws. They are known for illegally breaking into victims’ networks to disrupt systems, steal or destroy data, conduct espionage or sometimes to engage in some malicious mischief just to prove they can. Black-hat hackers typically have extensive knowledge about circumventing security protocols and cracking into computer networks. Some are also adept at writing malware used to infiltrate systems.

What is a Gray-Hat Hacker?

The gray-hat hacker combines key traits of white- and black-hat counterparts; for example, probing a system for vulnerabilities without malicious intent but also without the owner’s knowledge or permission. If they find vulnerabilities, they would likely report them to the owner, along with a request for a fee to fix the issue. If the owner does not respond or comply, then the gray-hat activity can get a little darker.

Those are the big three, but there are also lesser-known green-, blue- and red-hat designations as well.

What is a Green-Hat Hacker?

Green-hat hacker typically describes an amateur, novice, newcomer or “noob” — someone who is eager and intrigued about hacking but lacks advanced technical skills and education. Many in this category are interested in expanding their skills and becoming more deeply involved in the world of hacking.

What is a Blue-Hat Hacker?

The term blue-hat hackers can apply to two very different individuals. One is an amateur hacker who is motivated by seeking revenge. The other, typically styled “BlueHat,” refers to a security professional who is contracted by a company to inspect software for vulnerabilities (such as Microsoft and Windows).

What is a Red-Hat Hacker?

The red-hat hacker is the sworn enemy of the black-hat — often characterized as vigilantes because of their reputation for going after the lawbreakers. Red-hats seek out malicious hackers, but not just to report them; they are known for using sophisticated techniques to shut them down or even to disrupt or destroy their computers.

Ethical Hacker Salary Data >

Salary estimates for cybersecurity positions related to ethical hacking vary significantly based on the methodologies used and because figures are often adjusted in real time based on changing data. Here are some recent ethical hacker salary snapshots from leading online employment and cybersecurity websites:

• $116,323 – Ziprecruiter.com (Penetration tester)

• $104,000 – Cyberseek.org (Penetration and vulnerability tester)

• $99,081 – Salary.com (Ethical hacker)

• $81,179 – Payscale.com (Certified ethical hacker)

In addition, another type of ethical hacker — freelance “bug bounty” hunters — can earn huge sums. Private companies and government agencies both augment their security systems by inviting freelance hackers to hunt down bugs that threaten their overall security. According to bug bounty platform HackerOne, more than 100,000 hackers now make their career as a bug bounty hunter, with six having earned more than $1 million.

Qualifications >

1. Educational Background:

Achieve a solid educational foundation in computer science, information technology, or a related field. A bachelor's degree is often preferred, but some professionals enter the field with relevant certifications and experience.

2. Gain Basic IT Skills:

Develop a strong understanding of networking, operating systems (Linux and Windows), and protocols. Familiarize yourself with programming languages like Python and scripting languages.

3. Learn the Basics of Cybersecurity:

Understand the fundamentals of cybersecurity, including encryption, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and security policies.

4. Certifications:

Acquire industry-recognized certifications. Some popular ones include:

• CompTIA Security+: Entry-level certification. Considered relatively easier compared to more advanced certifications. It's a good starting point for beginners.

• Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH): Mid-level certification. Requires a good understanding of ethical hacking concepts and tools. The exam includes practical scenarios.

• Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP): Advanced-level certification. Known for its hands-on, practical approach. It's considered challenging, and candidates must pass a rigorous 24-hour practical exam.

• Cisco Certified CyberOps Associate: Mid-level certification. Covers cybersecurity operations and is considered moderate in difficulty.

• GIAC Security Essentials (GSEC): Mid-level certification. Covers a wide range of security topics and is considered moderately challenging.

5. Networking and Community Involvement:

Join online forums, attend conferences, and participate in local cybersecurity meetups. Networking is crucial in this field, and being part of the community can open up opportunities.

6. Hands-On Practice:

Set up a home lab to practice your skills. Experiment with different tools and techniques in a controlled environment.

Here are some resources that offer hands-on labs, challenges, and simulations:

1. Hack The Box (HTB):

   • Website: Hack The Box

   • Description: HTB provides a platform for practicing penetration testing skills in a legal and secure environment. Users can explore a variety of machines and challenges to enhance their skills.

2. TryHackMe:

   • Website: TryHackMe

   • Description: TryHackMe offers hands-on labs and challenges for learning and practicing cybersecurity skills. It covers a wide range of topics, from beginner to advanced levels.

3. OverTheWire:

   • Website: OverTheWire

   • Description: OverTheWire provides a series of war games that involve hacking your way through different levels. It's a great resource for learning and practicing Linux command-line and basic exploitation techniques.

4. VulnHub:

   • Website: VulnHub

   • Description: VulnHub is a platform that provides downloadable, virtual machines for practicing penetration testing. These machines are designed to be vulnerable, allowing users to exploit and learn in a safe environment.

5. PentesterLab:

   • Website: PentesterLab

   • Description: PentesterLab offers web application security labs and exercises. It's designed to teach web penetration testing techniques through hands-on, practical exercises.

6. Metasploit Unleashed (MSFU):

   • Website: Metasploit Unleashed

   • Description: MSFU is a free online resource that covers the Metasploit Framework, a powerful tool for penetration testing and ethical hacking. The site provides tutorials and labs for hands-on practice.

7. Cybrary:

   • Website: Cybrary

   • Description: Cybrary offers a variety of cybersecurity courses, including labs and hands-on exercises. While some content is free, there is also a subscription option for access to premium courses.

8. Security CTFs (Capture The Flag):

   • Participate in Capture The Flag competitions, either online or locally. These events simulate real-world scenarios and provide opportunities to solve security challenges.

7. Advanced Certifications:

Pursue more advanced certifications as you gain experience:

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP): Focuses on security management and policy.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM): Concentrates on information security management.

8. Specialize:

Decide on a specialization within cybersecurity.

1. Penetration Testing (Ethical Hacking):

   • Role: Ethical hackers assess the security of systems by simulating cyber attacks.

   • Skills: Understanding of vulnerabilities, exploit development, and knowledge of penetration testing tools.

2. Incident Response and Forensics:

   • Role: Professionals respond to security incidents, investigate breaches, and collect evidence for legal purposes.

   • Skills: Incident handling, digital forensics, and malware analysis.

3. Security Consulting:

   • Role: Consultants advise organizations on improving their overall cybersecurity posture.

   • Skills: Risk assessment, security audits, and providing strategic recommendations.

4. Security Architecture:

   • Role: Architects design and build secure systems and networks.

   • Skills: Knowledge of security frameworks, encryption, and secure network design.

5. Security Compliance and Governance:

   • Role: Professionals ensure that organizations adhere to relevant regulations and internal policies.

   • Skills: Understanding of compliance frameworks, risk management, and policy development.

6. Security Awareness and Training:

   • Role: Specialists educate employees and users about security best practices.

   • Skills: Communication, training program development, and social engineering awareness.

7. Threat Intelligence Analysis:

   • Role: Analysts collect and analyze information about potential cyber threats.

   • Skills: Cyber threat analysis, information sharing, and staying updated on current threats.

8. Security Research and Development:

   • Role: Researchers explore new technologies and vulnerabilities, contributing to the development of security solutions.

   • Skills: Strong programming, reverse engineering, and a deep understanding of security concepts.

9. Network Security:

   • Role: Specialists focus on securing an organization's network infrastructure.

   • Skills: Firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and network design.

10. Cloud Security:

    • Role: Professionals secure cloud environments and services.

    • Skills: Understanding cloud platforms, identity and access management, and encryption in cloud environments.

11. Mobile Security:

    • Role: Specialists focus on securing mobile devices and applications.

    • Skills: Mobile application security, mobile device management, and secure coding practices.

12. Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security:

    • Role: Experts secure critical infrastructure systems, such as those used in manufacturing and utilities.

    • Skills: Understanding of ICS protocols, risk assessment, and securing SCADA systems.

9. Bachelor's/Master’s Degree (Optional):

Consider further education if you aim for leadership positions or want to specialize in a specific area. Some roles may require advanced degrees.

Bachelor's Degree:

1. Bachelor of Science in Cybersecurity:

   • Overview: A comprehensive program covering the fundamentals of cybersecurity, including network security, cryptography, and ethical hacking.

   • Potential Specializations: Network Security, Application Security, Cybersecurity Policy.

2. Bachelor of Computer Science with a Concentration in Cybersecurity:

   • Overview: A traditional computer science degree with a focus on cybersecurity aspects.

   • Potential Specializations: Secure Software Development, Cryptography, Network Defense.

3. Bachelor of Information Technology - Cybersecurity:

   • Overview: An IT-focused degree with an emphasis on cybersecurity practices and technologies.

   • Potential Specializations: IT Security Management, Security Analysis, Digital Forensics.

Master's Degree:

1. Master of Science in Cybersecurity:

   • Overview: An advanced program that delves into specialized areas of cybersecurity, including advanced threat detection and response strategies.

   • Potential Specializations: Cybersecurity Management, Digital Forensics, Cybersecurity Analytics.

2. Master of Information Assurance and Security:

   • Overview: A program that combines information assurance with advanced security measures for comprehensive protection.

   • Potential Specializations: Risk Management, Security Architecture, Incident Response.

3. Master of Computer Science with a Specialization in Cybersecurity:

   • Overview: An advanced computer science degree with a focus on cybersecurity applications and technologies.

   • Potential Specializations: Cloud Security, Secure Software Engineering, Cryptography.

4. Master of Business Administration (MBA) with a Concentration in Cybersecurity Management:

   • Overview: An MBA program with a focus on the strategic management of cybersecurity within organizations.

   • Potential Specializations: Cybersecurity Governance, Compliance, Security Leadership.

5. Master of Cybersecurity Policy and Governance:

   • Overview: A program focused on the legal, policy, and ethical aspects of cybersecurity.

   • Potential Specializations: Cyber Law and Policy, Privacy, Government Cybersecurity.

6. Master of Science in Digital Forensics and Cyber Investigation:

   • Overview: A specialized program that emphasizes digital forensics techniques for investigating cybercrimes.

   • Potential Specializations: Network Forensics, Mobile Forensics, Incident Response.

10. Build a Portfolio:

Create a portfolio showcasing your skills, projects, and certifications. This can be crucial when applying for jobs or freelance opportunities.

11. Apply for Entry-Level Positions:

Look for entry-level positions such as Security Analyst, Junior Penetration Tester, or IT Support roles with a security focus.

12. Continuous Learning:

Stay updated on the latest trends, tools, and vulnerabilities. The field is dynamic, and continuous learning is crucial.

13. Professional Development:

Consider joining professional organizations, obtaining memberships, and attending conferences to stay connected with the industry.

Conclusion >

In wrapping up, your cybersecurity portfolio is like your online superhero resume. It tells the world what you've done, what you're good at, and why you're awesome in the world of digital protection.

Remember, it's not just about what you've done so far; it's a living document that grows with you.

As you venture into the cybersecurity universe, may your portfolio be your trusty sidekick, opening doors to cool opportunities and showing the world what you bring to the table.

Ending >

Hope you have tried out making your own cool react app and explored it by yourself.

I hope this post has been helpful. If you have any questions, please feel free to leave a comment below.

Happy Coding !

Thank You